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Why Identify Backyard Wildlife

The first thing that changes is what you notice.

Essay · Naturalist · Practice
Photo · Michael Starkie

The first thing that changes is what you notice.

A patch of milkweed becomes a monarch nursery. The cardinal singing at dawn becomes a specific individual you can track through the season: same branches, same time, sometimes for years. The bee buzzing around your basil is not just a bee. It could be one of four hundred native bee species in your region, some of them visiting one or two flower species their whole short lives.

This is the quiet payoff of learning to identify what's in your yard. The yard fills in. Things you walked past for years turn out to have names, behaviors, and stories. A "weed" turns out to be the only host plant for a butterfly you've never seen because you've been mowing it for a decade.

A Yard Becomes A Place

Once you can name even ten species reliably, a yard stops being scenery and starts being a place. You begin to notice when the wood thrush returns in late April, when the first monarch shows up in May, when the cicadas hand off from the spring crickets in June. The seasonal calendar gets richer because you have more clocks to read.

The first year you learn what's there. The second year you notice what's missing. By the third year you start trying to bring it back.

This is the arc most birders and gardeners describe. It's a generous one. It rewards attention without demanding any particular skill. You don't need to know everything. You need to know a few things well enough that the rest start to organize themselves around them.

Your Backyard Joins A Record

Identification also connects to something larger. Every observation logged to iNaturalist or eBird joins a dataset that researchers use to track which species are moving, where invasives are arriving, and how the climate is shifting what nests where. Your backyard is one data point in that record.

The shifts these records catch are surprising. Range maps for southern butterflies like the giant swallowtail are creeping northward, year over year, in part because of yard-logged observations. Audubon's Christmas Bird Count, which is mostly hobbyists in their own neighborhoods, has produced one of the longest-running wildlife datasets in the world. A first county record for a previously-unrecorded species often comes from a homeowner who happened to photograph something.

You don't have to think of it as science. It's enough to think of it as paying attention, and letting your attention join a longer one.

Where To Start

A few free tools cover almost everything. Pick one and use it for a week.

A Note On Pace

You're Not Behind

There's no version of this you're doing wrong. Knowing five birds and one tree is enough to start. The difference between someone who notices nothing and someone who notices a few things is much larger than the difference between someone who knows fifty species and someone who knows five hundred. Start where you are. The yard will keep teaching.

Further Reading